Pathology Consultative Services

Special, Immunohistochemistry (IHC), & Chromogenic in situ Hybridization (CISH) Stains

Stain names and their primary demonstration/antibody specificity are listed in the sections below

For pathology-related inquiries, please contact Client Services or the Pathology Desk.

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Special Stains

Group I

Group I for Microorganisms

Special Stains, Group I 88312

Fite
Mycobacteria leprae

Gomori’s Methenamine Silver (GMS)
Fungus, Pneumocystis, Bacteria

Gram
Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

PAS/Light Green Counterstain
Fungus

Warthin-Starry
Bacteria, Spirochetes

Ziehl-Neelsen Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB)
Acid-Fast Mycobacterium

Group II

Group II – All Other

Special Stains,Group II 88313

Alcian Blue, pH 2.5
Acid Mucopolysaccharides

Alcian Blue/Hyaluronidase
Epithelial and Connective Tissue Mucin Differentiation

Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)
Acid and Neutral Mucins

Bielschowsky
Neurofibrils

Bile, Hall’s Method
Bilirubin

Colloidal Iron
Mucopolysaccharides, Collagen

Colloidal Iron/Hyaluronidase
Epithelial and Connective Tissue Mucin Differentiation

Congo Red
Amyloid

Copper (Rhodanine)
Copper

Crystal Violet
Amyloid

Elastic Stain (EVG)
Elastic Fibers, Collagen

Fontana-Masson
Argentaffin Granules or Melanin

Giemsa (Mast Cell)
Eosinophilic Granules and Mast Cells

Iron Stain
Iron

Jones Methenamine Silver
Basement Membranes, Reticular Fibers

Luxol Fast Blue
Myelin

Masson Trichrome
Collagen

Melanin Bleach
Eliminates Melanin

Movat
Collagen, Elastic Fibers, Fibrin, Mucin, Muscle

Mucicarmine
Mucosubstances

Oil Red O
Fat

Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS)
Glycogen, Neutral Mucopolysaccharides, Basement Membranes

Periodic Acid-Schiff/Amylase (PAS/D)
Eliminates Glycogen

Phosphotungstic Acid Haematoxylin (PTAH)
Collagen, Fibrin, Coarse Elastic Fibrils

Reticulum
Reticulum Fibers

Sodium Sulphate-Alcian Blue (SAB)
Amyloid

Thioflavin S
Amyloid

Toluidine Blue
Mast Cell Granules

Uric Acid
Urate Crystals

Von Kossa
Calcium

Histochemical

Histochemical Stains

Histochemical Stains (Enzyme) 88319

Acetylcholinesterase (ACE)
Nerve Fibers/Hirschsprung’s Disease

Acid Phosphatase
Muscle Fibers undergoing Degeneration

Alkaline Phosphatase
Basement Membranes, Regenerating Fibers

Adenosine Triphosphatase (ATP): 4.6, 9.8
Muscle Fiber Types

Cytochrome C
Cytochrome Oxidase

Esterase
Denervated Muscle Fibers

Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Dehydrogenase (NADH)
Whorls, Target Fibers, Central Cores, Moth-Eaten Fibers

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
PFK Activity

Phosphorylase
Phosphorylase Activity

Succinic Dehydrogenase (SDH)
Mitochondrial Disease

Immunohistochemistry Stains

All Stains

All Immunohistochemistry Stains

A

ACTH
Human Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Actin HHF35
Human Muscle Actin

Actin SM
Alpha-Smooth Muscle Isoform, Myoepithelium, etc.

Adenovirus
Adenovirus

AFP
Alpha Fetoprotein

ALK (D5F3)
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase, Clone D5F3

ALK-1
ALK-1

AMACR (p504s)
Prostate Cancer Marker

Amyloid Kappa
Amyloidosis

Amyloid Lambda
Amyloidosis

Androgen Receptor
Androgen Receptor

Annexin A1
Hairy Cell Leukemia

Arginase 1
Identifies Normal Liver Cells

ATRX
Glioma

B

ß-Amyloid
Senile Plaques, Congofile Deposits

ß-Catenin
Beta Catenin

BAP1
Marker for differentiating Mesothelioma from Reactive Mesothelial Proliferations

BCL2 (124)
Follicular Lymphoma, Apoptosis Inhibin Protein, Clone 124

BCL2 EP36
BCL2, Clone EP36

BCL-6
Follicular and Diffuse Lymphomas, Burkitt’s Lymphoma & Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin’s Disease

B72.3 (TAG-72)
Tumor-Associated Glycoprotein

BOB-1
Transcription Coactivator for Oct-1 and Oct-2

BRAF V600E
Hairy Cell Leukemia

C

CA9
Carbonic Anhydrase IX

CA IX
Carbonic Anhydrase IX

Calcitonin
Calcitonin

Calponin
Myoepithelial Differentiation and Diagnosis of Myoepithelial Neoplasms

Calreticulin
Expressed in Megakaryocytes When Calreticulin is Mutated

Calretinin
Calcium-Binding Protein, Mesothelial Cells

CAMTA1
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Marker

Cathepsin K
Renal Angiomyolipoma

C3d
Complement 3d, Transplant Rejection Biomarker

C4d
Complement 4d, Transplant Rejection Biomarker

CD1a
Cortical Thymocytes-Langerhans Cells

CD2
Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen 2

CD3 (2VG6)
T-Cells

CD4
T-Cells, Helper T

CD5
Pan T-cells, B-Cell Subset, Thymic Carcinomas

CD7
Thymocytes, Immature T-Cells, NK Cells

CD8
T-Cells, Suppressor T

CD10
Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

CD14
Monocytes, Histiocytes

CD15 (BRA4F1)
BRA4F1

CD15 (MMA)
Epithelial, Hodgkin’s, Myeloid

CD19
B-Lymphocyte Antigen

CD20
Human B-Lymphocyte Antigen

CD21
Dendritic Cells, B-Cells

CD22
Mature B-Cells

CD23
Activated B-Cells

CD25
Activated T-Cells and B-Cells

CD30
Ber-H2

CD31
Endothelium (tumor angiogenesis)

CD33
Monocytes

CD34
Endothelium, Stem Cells, Stromal Tumors

CD35
Dendritic Cells

CD43
T-Cells, B-Cell Subset, Myeloid, Histiocytes, Plasma Cells (Leukosialin)

CD44
Phagocytic Glycogen-1

CD45
Helper, Inducer T-cells

CD56
Natural Killer Cells

CD57
Neural and Neuroendocrine Marker NK Cells, Stromal Tumors

CD61
GP111A

CD68 (KP1)
Monocytes/Macrophages

CD68 (PG-M1)
Sarcomas and Leukemia

CD71
Erythroid Precursor Marker

CD79a
B-Cells

CD99
Ewing’s Sarcoma/PNET

CD117
C-Kit

CD123
Alpha Receptor for IL3

CD138
Plasma Cell Marker, Syndecan

CD163
Ber-MAC3

CD200 by IHC
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Marker

CDX-2
Metastatic Colon CA

CEA (EPCEAR7 Monoclonal)
Carcinoembryonic antigen

Chromogranin
Chromogranin A

Chymotrypsin
Expressed in Cells of Pantcreatic Acinar Origin

CL-NOTCH1
Lymphoma marker

Clusterin
Apoptosis

c-MYC
Lymphoma Marker

CMV
Cytomegalovirus

CXCL-13
B-Lymphocyte Chemoattractant

Cyclin-D1
Cyclin D1/PRAD-1 Oncogene Product, Mantle Cell

Cytokeratin AE1/AE3
Keratin cocktail: 40, 48, 50, 50, 6, 58, 65, 5 kD

Cytokeratin CAM5.2
Keratin: 39, 43, 500 kD

Cytokeratin 5/6
Intermediate Filament Protein

Cytokeratin 7
Keratin: 54 kD

Cytokeratin 19
Human Cytokeratin 19 Polypeptide

Cytokeratin 20
Keratin: 54 kD

Cytokeratin KER903 (34BE12)
High-Molecular Weight Cytokeratins

Cytokeratin OSCAR
Cytokeratins 7, 8, 18, 19

D

D2-40
Podoplanin, Lymphatic Endothelial Marker

Desmin
Desmin

DOG-1
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) Marker

DUX4
CIC-DUX4 Sarcoma from Ewing Sarcoma

E

EBNA-2
Stains Nuclei of EBV-Infected Lymphoblastoid Cells

EBV
Epstein-Barr Virus

E-cadherin
Epithelial Marker, EP-CAM

EMA
Epithelial Membrane Antigen

Enolase (NSE)
Epithelial Membrane Antigen

EP4-Ber
Epithelial Antigen, EP-CAM

ER
Estrogen Receptor

ERG
Vascular Marker and Prostate Malignancy Marker

F

Factor XIIIa
Fibrohistiocytic Tumors, Dendritic Interstitial Cells

Fascin
Hodgkin’s Disease, High-Grade Breast Carcinoma

FCRL4 (IRTA1)
Lymphoma marker

FGFR3
CD333, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3

FOSB
Pseudomyogenic Hemangioepithelioma

FOXL2
Ovarian Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors (SCSST)

FSH
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

Fumarate Hydratase
Hereditary Leiomyoma, Renal Cell Carcinoma

G

Gastrin
Gastrin-Secreting Tumors, G-Cell Hyperplasia

GATA-3
Urothelial Carcinoma Marker

GCET1
Germinal Center B-Cell Marker

GFAP
Human Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein

GFAP/OLIG2 Double Stain
Oligodendroglioma vs. Astrocytomas

GLUT1
Glucose Transporter 1

GH
Growth Hormone

Glutamine Synthetase
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Marker

Glypican-3
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Marker

Granzyme-B
Serine Protease

H

H3.3G34W, Mutant
Marker for Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

H3K27me3 – Wild
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Marker

H3K27M – Mutant
Glioma/Astrocytoma

HBcAg
Hepatitis B Core Antigen

HBsAg
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen

H-Caldesmon
Smooth Muscle Differentiation

H.pylori
Helicobacter pylori

HCG
HCG in Trophoblastic Elements of Germ Cell Tumors

Hemoglobin-A
Hemoglobin-A

Hepatocyte
Hep-par1

Herpes (HSVI & II)
HSV I/II

HER2
Erb-2 Oncoprotein, Clone 4B5

HHV8
Human Herpes Virus 8

HMB-45
Melanoma-Associated Marker

HPV
Human Papilloma Virus

I

ICOS
Inducible Co-Stimulate CD278

IDH-1
Glioma Marker

IgA
Immunoglobulin A

IgD
Immunoglobulin D

IgG
Immunoglobulin G

IgG4
Autoimmune pancreatitis

IgM
Immunoglobulin M

Inhibin
Granulosa Cell Tumor, Sex Cord Stromal Tumor

INI1
Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor Marker

INSM1
Neuroendocrine marker

K

Kappa
Kappa Light Chain

Ki67
Cell Proliferation Marker

Ki67-Melan A Double Stain
Proliferative Cells and Melanocytes

L

Lambda
Lambda Light Chain

Langerin
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

LEF1
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), Small Lymphocytic Leukemia (SLL)

LH
Luteinizing Hormone

LMO2
Large B-Cell Lymphoma Marker

M

MAL
Myelin and Lymphocyte Protein; expressed in Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Mammaglobin
Primary and Metastatic Breast Carcinoma Marker

MDM2
Liposarcoma

MEF2B
B Cell Lymphoma Marker

Melan A
Malignant Melanoma Marker

MiTF
Melanocyte Development Regulator, Melanoma Oncogene

MLH-1
Mismatch Repair Gene MLH-1

MOC-31
Differentiates Carcinomas from Mesothelial Cells and Mesotheliomas

MSH-2
Mismatch Repair Gene MSH-2

MSH-6
Mismatch Repair Gene MSH-6

MUC4
Fibromyxoid Sarcoma

MUM-1
Multiple Myeloma Oncogene-1

Muramidase
Muramidase/Lysozyme

Myeloperoxidase
Neutrophilic Granulocytes and Monocytes

MyoD1
Rhabdomyosarcoma Marker

Myogenin
Rhabdomyosarcoma Marker

N

Napsin A
Lung Adenocarcinoma Marker

NeuN
Neuronal Cell Loss in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Neurofilament (2F11)
Neurofilament

Neurofilament Cocktail
Cocktail of Clones 2F11 and SMI-32

NKI/C3
Melanoma Marker, CD63

NKX3.1
Differential Marker for Prostate Carcinoma versus Urothelial Carcinoma

NUT
Nuclear Protein in Testis

O

OCT-2
Octamer transcription factor 2

OCT3/4
Marker for Undifferentiated Cells

P

p16
Cervical Cancer Marker

p40
Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinoma Marker

p53
Overexpression of the p53 Oncogene

p57
Differential Diagnosis of Complete versus Partial Hydatidiform Molar Pregnancy

p63
Prostate Cancer Marker

p63/ERG Double Stain
Double Stain for Prostate Cancer

P. jiroveci
Detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii

PAX-2
Tumor Marker for Kidney, Prostate, Breast, Ovary

PAX-5
B-Cell-Specific Activator Protein

PAX-8
Nephritic Cell Lineage Marker

PD1
T-cell Regulator

PD-L1
Clone 22C3 (LDT)

Perforin
T-Cell and NK-Cell Lymphoma

PIN Cocktail (p63/AMACR)
p63 and AMACR

PLAP
Placental Alkaline Phosphatase, Germ Cell and Adenocarcinoma

PMS2
Mismatch Repair Gene PMS-2

PR
Progesterone Receptor

PRAME
Differentiates Melanoma vs. Nevus

Prolactin
Prolactin in Pituitary

PSA
Prostate-Specific Antigen

PSAP
Normal, Hyperplastic, and Neoplastic Prostatic cells

PSMA
Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen

pSTAT 5
Surrogate Marker of JAK2 V617F Mutation

PTH
Parathyroid Hormone

S

S-100
S100 protein

SALL4
Yolk Sac Tumor Marker

SATB2
GI Epithelial Marker

SDHA
Succinate Dehydrogenase Subunit A

SDHB
Succinate Dehydrogenase Subunit B

SF-1
Adrenocortical Tumor Marker

SMARCA4 (BRG1)
Deficient in several uncommon, aggressive tumors

SMMS1
Smooth Muscle Myosin

SOX-10
Identifies Melanoma and Nerve Sheath Tumors

SOX-11
Mantle Cell Lymphoma Marker

SSTR2A
Meningioma vs. Schwannoma

STAT6
Solitary Fibrous Tumor

SV40
Simian Virus 40, Polyomavirus Family

Synaptophysin
Synaptophysin

Syphilis
Treponema pallidum

T

TAU
Neurofibrillary Tangles

Tau/ß-amyloid DS
Neurofibrillary Tangle and Amyloid in Alzheimer’s Postmortem Specimens

TCL-1A
Mature T-Cell Leukemia

TCR ß F1
T-Cells

TCR-Delta
T-Cells

TdT
Blasts, Immature Lymphocytes

Thyroglobulin
Thyroglobulin

TIA1
Cytolytic Effector Cells in Lymphocytic Infiltrates

TLE-1 (1F5)
Synovial Sarcoma Marker

Transthyretin
Amyloidosis, Prealbumin

Tryptase, Mast Cell
Human Mast Cells

TSH
Thyrotropic Cells of Pituitary

TTF-1
Thyroid and Pulmonary Carcinomas

Tyrosinase
Metastatic Melanoma

V

Vimentin
Vimentin

VS38C
Plasma Cell

W

WT1 (6F-H2)
Wilms tumor

A