CC-SIGN Targeted Oncology Panel by Next-Generation Sequencing

Technical Brief:

Targeted Oncology Panel by Next-Generation Sequencing


Test Name

Targeted Oncology Panel by NGS

TOPTO (FFPE Tissue)
TOPCY (Cytology Alcohol or Formalin fixed cell block)
TOPBM (Bone Marrow Aspirate)

This test requires 5-10% tumor purity and does not evaluate circulating tumor DNA.

CPT Code

81445

Methodology

Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)

Turnaround Time

8 days

Specimen Requirements

Type:
FFPE Tissue

Volume:
– 15 charged, unbaked, and unstained slides sectioned at 7 ÎĽm.
– One pre and one post H&E slide with tumor area circled, and percent tumor indicated.

Transport Temperature:
Ambient

Type:
Cytology

Volume:
– 15 charged, unbaked and unstained slides sectioned at 7 ÎĽm.
– One H&E slide with tumor percent indicated.

Transport Temperature:
Ambient

Type:
Bone Marrow Aspirate

Volume:
2 mL

Type:
Peripheral blood

Volume:
4 mL

Tube/Container:
Lavender BD Hemogard™ K2EDTA Tubes

Transport Temperature:
Ambient

Stability

FFPE Tissue

Ambient:
Indefinitely

Refrigerated:
Indefinitely

Frozen:
Unacceptable

Cytology Alcohol or Formalin-Fixed Cell Block

Ambient:
Indefinitely

Refrigerated:
Indefinitely

Frozen:
Unacceptable

Bone Marrow or Peripheral Blood

Ambient:
48 hours

Refrigerated:
3 days

Frozen:
Unacceptable

Overview

Recurrent somatic alterations are found in a variety of solid tumors. Identifying such alterations provides pathologists and clinicians with valuable data that may assist in the diagnosis, classification, prognostic evaluation, and therapeutic management of these malignancies.

The Targeted Oncology Panel (TOP) is a custom 59-gene Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) panel developed for the identification of single nucleotide variants (SNVs), small insertions and deletions (indels), and copy number gains (CNVs) from DNA specimens, and fusion transcripts and aberrant transcripts from RNA specimens. The workflow allows for the concurrent testing of DNA and RNA to analyze over 1,000 biomarkers.

This panel is optimized to evaluate scant specimens, such as cytology specimens and limited biopsies; as such, TOP may be used for advanced tumor profiling and clinical trial evaluation when material is too limited to send for comprehensive sequencing. For example, TOP can detect resistance mutations in EGFR, KRAS, NRAS, and PDGFRA, as well as evolving biomarkers in AKT1, BRAF non-V600, CDK4, ERBB2, HRAS, MAP2K1/2, and MTOR, amongst others.

Besides providing useful information for cancer evaluation and diagnosis, this test can identify pan-cancer therapeutic markers, including:

TOP Biomarker

FDA-Approved Treatment Examples*

ALK fusions

Alectinib, Brigatinib, Ceritinib, Crizotinib for NSCLC

ALK oncogenic mutations

Lorlatinib for NSCLC

BRAF V600E

Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib and others for Melanoma
Dabrafenib + Trametinib for all solid tumors

EGFR exon 19 in-frame deletions

Gefitinib, Osimertinib for NSCLC

EGFR exon 20 in-frame insertions

Amivantamab, Mobocertinib for NSCLC

ERBB2 (HER2) amplification

Multiple therapy options for Breast Cancer
Tucatinib + Trastuzumab for CRC
Trastuzumab options for Esophagogastric Cancer

FGFR2 fusions

Erdafitinib for Bladder Cancer
Futibatinib, Pemigatinib for Cholangiocarcinoma

FGFR3 fusions or activating mutations

Erdafitinib for Bladder Cancer

IDH1 R132

Ivosidenib for Cholangiocarcinoma

KIT oncogenic mutations

Imatinib, Regorafenib, Ripretinib, Sunitinib for GIST

KRAS G12C

Adagrasib, Sotorasib for NSCLC

MET exon 14 skipping alterations or amplification

Capmatinib, Tepotinib for NSCLC

NTRK1/2/3 fusions

Entrectinib, Larotrectinib for all solid tumors

PDGFRA exon 18 alterations

Avapritinib for GIST

PIK3CA oncogenic mutations

Alpelisib + Fulvestrant in Breast Cancer

RET fusions

Selpercatinib for all tumors

RET mutations

Pralsetinib, Selpercatinib for Medullary Thyroid Cancer

ROS1 fusions

Crizotinib, Entrectinib for NSCLC

*For illustration purposes only; this table is not comprehensive, nor should it be used as a recommendation for treatment. The TOP report does not provide therapy recommendations. Clinical and histopathological correlation is required.

Clinical Indications

Hotspots, copy number variants, and selected fusions evaluated by this assay can aid in the diagnostic and therapeutic assessment of a variety of tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, glioblastoma, thyroid cancer, and others.

This panel can also provide focused tumor profiling for patients with locally advanced/metastatic disease, who are candidates for anti-cancer therapy, to identify uncommon but targetable alterations.

Interpretation

Variants are classified according to established guidelines, and an interpretation is provided. Reported variants include those of strong or potential clinical significance and variants of unclear clinical significance.

Common population variants are not included in the report.

Methodology & Limitations

Extracted nucleic acid from the specimen, both DNA and RNA, were subjected to separate targeted amplification reactions using AmpliSeq custom primers designed by Thermo Fisher Scientific (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). Hotspots and selected fusions in gene regions listed below were sequenced using Illumina (San Diego, CA) 2×150 paired-end cycle chemistry. A customized bioinformatics analytical platform was used for read alignment (Genome Build GRCh37/hg19), variant identification, and annotation. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertion, deletion (indels), and copy number gain variants are detected by DNA sequencing. Select fusions and aberrant transcripts (EGFR vIII and MET exon 14 skipping transcripts) are detected by RNA sequencing. Variants are classified according to established guidelines. Reported results include variants of strong or potential clinical significance and variants of unclear clinical significance. Benign population polymorphisms are not included in the report.

Based on validation, the DNA testing delivered an average of >500x coverage, and >99% of targeted regions showed over 100x coverage. A minimum coverage depth of 100 reads is required across the entire region of interest; a list of low-coverage areas is included in the report as applicable. The test demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in identifying SNVs, indels, and copy number gains. The lower limit of detection of this assay is approximately 5% variant allele fraction (VAF) for SNV/indels and 6 copies or greater for copy number gains. Variants below these thresholds may be reported at the discretion of the molecular pathology professional staff if the technical quality of the sequencing is sufficient at that location and the call is unequivocal.

Based on validation, the RNA fusion testing averaged >150,000 total reads. The test demonstrated 93%sensitivity and 100% specificity in gene fusion identification compared to NGS sequencing and 69% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of fusion drivers (unknown fusion partner). Overall sensitivity is 78%, and accuracy is 99%. The lower limit of detection is approximately 1% of total sequencing reads.

Sequence changes outside the analyzed alterations hotspots, including intronic and noncoding regions, will not be identified by this test. Insertions and deletions larger than 20 and 40 bp, respectively, may not be identified by this test. Negative results from specimens for which the percentage of tumor cells is 10% or less should be interpreted with caution. Although variant allele fraction is provided as a percentage, this is not a quantitative test. RNA fusions involving alternative partners or breakpoints outside of the targeted regions cannot be detected by this test. This test does not distinguish between somatic and inherited variants. Tumor heterogeneity, tumor burden, specimen degradation or other limitations of the technology may affect the sensitivity and limit of detection, either broadly across the regions of interest or for specific regions, and may lead to false negative results. This test is not intended to be used for circulating tumor evaluation.

Genes & Hotspot Regions

Genes & Hotspot Regions Covered for SNV/Indels:

*Only hotspots within designated exons are covered; full exons are not sequenced.

wdt_ID Gene Transcript Exon(s)*
1 AKT1 NM_005163 3
2 ALK NM_004304 21-25
3 AR NM_000044 6, 8
4 BRAF NM_004333 11, 15
5 CDK4 NM_000075 2
6 CTNNB1 NM_001904 3, 7-8
7 DDR2 NM_006182 5
8 EGFR NM_005228 3 ,7, 12, 15, 18-21
9 ERBB2 NM_004448 8, 17-22
10 ERBB3 NM_001982 2-3, 6, 8-9
11 ERBB4 NM_005235 18
12 ESR1 NM_000125 8
13 FGFR1 NM_023110 12-14, 16-17
14 FGFR2 NM_000141 7-9, 12, 14
15 FGFR3 NM_000142 7, 9, 14, 16
16 GNA11 NM_002067 4, 5
17 GNAQ NM_002072 4, 5
18 GNAS NM_080425 8
19 H3-3A NM_002107 2
20 H3-3B NM_005324 2
21 HRAS NM_005343 2, 3
22 IDH1 NM_005896 4
23 IDH2 NM_002168 4
24 JAK1 NM_002227 14-16
25 JAK2 NM_004972 14
26 JAK3 NM_000215 11-12, 15
27 KIT NM_000222 8-11, 13, 17
28 KRAS NM_033360 2-4
29 MAP2K1 NM_002755 2-3, 6
30 MAP2K2 NM_030662 2
31 MET NM_000245 14, 16, 19
32 MTOR NM_004958 30, 39-40, 43, 47, 53
33 NRAS NM_002524 2-4
34 PDGFRA NM_006206 12, 14, 18
35 PIK3CA NM_006218 2, 5-6, 8, 10, 14, 19, 21
36 RAF1 NM_002880 7, 12
37 RET NM_020975 11, 13, 15-16
38 ROS1 NM_002944 36, 38
39 SMO NM_005631 4, 6, 8-9
40 TERT NM_198253 Promoter
41 TP53 NM_000546 5, 7, 8

Fusions Detected in RNA

Genes reported for copy number gains: ALK, AR, BRAF, CCND1, CDK4, CDK6, EGFR, ERBB2, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, KIT, KRAS, MET, MYC, MYCN, PDGFRA, PIK3CA

TOP RNA Fusions

wdt_ID Gene Detected Fusions
1 ABL1 EML1::ABL1
2 AKT3 MAGI3::AKT3
3 ALK A2M::ALK, ACTG2::ALK, ALK::PTPN3, ATIC::ALK, C2orf44::ALK, CARS::ALK, CLIP4::ALK, CLTC::ALK, DCTN1::ALK, EML4::ALK, GTF2IRD1::ALK, HIP1::ALK, KIF5B::ALK, KLC1::ALK, MEMO1::ALK, NCOA1::ALK, PRKAR1A::ALK, RANBP2::ALK, SEC31L1_SEC31A::ALK, SMEK2::ALK, STRN::
4 AXL AXL::MBIP
5 BRAF AGTRAP::BRAF, AKAP9::BRAF, CDC27::BRAF, FAM131B::BRAF, FCHSD1::BRAF, KIAA1549::BRAF, PAPSS1::BRAF, SLC45A3::BRAF, SND1::BRAF, TAX1BP1::BRAF, TRIM24::BRAF
6 EGFR EGFR vIII transcript
7 ERBB2 WIPF2::ERBB2
8 ERG SLC45A3::ERG, TMPRSS2::ERG
9 FGFR1 BAG4::FGFR1, ERLIN2::FGFR1, FGFR1::TACC1
10 FGFR2 FGFR2::AFF3, FGFR2::BICC1, FGFR2::CASP7, FGFR2::CIT, FGFR2::KIAA1967_CCAR2, FGFR2::MGEA5, FGFR2::OFD1, FGFR2::TACC1, SLC45A3::FGFR2
11 FGFR3 FGFR3::AES, FGFR3::BAIAP2L1, FGFR3::ELAVL3, FGFR3::TACC3
12 MET MET Exon 14 Skipping, BAIAP2L1::MET, C8orf34::MET, CAPZA2::MET, OXR1::MET, TFG::MET, TPR::MET, PTPRZ1::MET
13 NTRK1 BCAN::NTRK1, CD74::NTRK1, CEL::NTRK1, IRF2BP2::NTRK1, LMNA::NTRK1, MPRIP::NTRK1, NFASC::NTRK1, NTRK1::DYNC2H1, RNF213::NTRK1, SQSTM1::NTRK1, SSBP2::NTRK1, TFG::NTRK1, TPM3::NTRK1, TPR::NTRK1
14 NTRK2 AFAP1::NTRK2, AGBL4::NTRK2, NACC2::NTRK2, QKI::NTRK2, SQSTM1::NTRK2, TRIM24::NTRK2, VCL::NTRK2
15 NTRK3 BTBD1::NTRK3, COX5A::NTRK3, ETV6::NTRK3
16 PDGFRA SCAF11::PDGFRA
17 PPARG PAX8::PPARG
18 RAF1 B4GALT1::RAF1, ESRP1::RAF1
19 RELA C11orf95::RELA
20 RET ACBD5::RET, AFAP1::RET, AKAP13::RET, CCDC6::RET, CUX1::RET, ERC1::RET, FKBP15::RET, GOLGA5::RET, HOOK3::RET, KIAA1468::RET, KIF5B::RET, KTN1::RET, NCOA4::RET, PCM1::RET, PRKAR1A::RET, RUFY2::RET, SPECC1L::RET, TBL1XR1::RET, TRIM24::RET, TRIM27::RET, TRIM3
21 ROS1 CCDC6::ROS1, CD74::ROS1, CEP85L::ROS1, CLIP1::ROS1, CLTC::ROS1, ERC1::ROS1, EZR::ROS1, GOPC::ROS1, HLA_A::ROS1, KDELR2::ROS1, KIAA1598::ROS1, LRIG3::ROS1, MSN::ROS1, MYO5A::ROS1, PPFIBP1::ROS1, PWWP2A::ROS1, SDC4::ROS1, SLC34A2::ROS1, TFG::ROS1, TPM3::ROS
22 TMPRSS2 TMPRSS2::ERG, TMPRSS2::ETV1, TMPRSS2::ETV4, TMPRSS2::ETV5

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